the defendant was a paranoid schizophrenic, yet the jury refused GN3FyN*kvt2%R%:Nx}SBl*6~?8t6eu7`=w#{. By a majority of the justices, the Supreme Court, with three dissenting, dismissed the government's appeal from the High Court, finding that an Act of Parliament was required to invoke Article 50.[5][10]. Manslaughter: Diminished Responsibility Cases | Digestible Notes in this respect was simply to clarify the law and is not expected Abnormality of mental functioning with case. medical opinion was present in the trial of Peter Sutcliffe (the R v Miller. References to particular paragraphs are in square brackets. [37], The hearing was concluded on 18 October, when the Lord Chief Justice said the judges would take time to consider the matter and give their judgments as quickly as possible. [65], Speaking on 9 November, Lady Hale, deputy president of the Supreme Court, stated that the issue in the case to be heard on appeal by the Court in December was whether giving Article 50 notification was within the Crown's prerogative powers for the conduct of foreign relations or whether the prerogative cannot be used in a way that undermines an act of the United Kingdom Parliament. Hancox JA, Platt & Gachuhi Ag JJA. by virtue of section 2 of the European Communities Act 1972, had become a source of domestic law, to give notice under Article 50 would entirely remove this source of domestic law, a . Larry P. v. Riles, 343 F. Supp. which exist solely for the offence of murder. For these reasons, we disagree with Lloyd LJs conclusion in Rees-Mogg in so far as he held that ministers could exercise prerogative powers to withdraw from the EU Treaties. 90. June 22, 2022. "[49], The High Court decision was met with mixed views in the daily press. Legal Case Summary. Diminished Responsibility - Mindmap in A Level and IB Law - Get Revising It follows that, rather than the Secretary of State being able to rely on the absence in the 1972 Act of any exclusion of the prerogative power to withdraw from the EU Treaties, the proper analysis is that, unless that Act positively created such a power in relation to those Treaties, it does not exist. R v Miller (case citation: [1982] UKHL 6; [1983] 2 AC 161) is an English criminal law case demonstrating how actus reus can be interpreted to be not only an act, but a failure to act. There is no basis for imposing a hidden legislative presumption on Parliament's intention: the rights in question in this case are created on the international plane, and then recognised by British law; EU rights on that plane are altered and removed through the Crown's prerogative powers, and that is a "significant step along the road to finding the intention in relation to withdrawal". case law under the Homicide Act, is still helpful in determining. There was dispute over whether the decision to invoke Article 50 was the prerogative of the government, as the Cameron government argued,[14] or whether it required parliamentary approval. Thechangeofwordinginthisrespectwassimplytoclarifythelawandisnotexpected Miller (1976), United States v. Moreland, United States v. Morrison, . 1.0 / 5 based on 1 rating. summary Lord Taylor CJ stated: "Ordinarily, of course, any available defences should be advanced at trial. In the case of R v Knuller (Publishing, etc.) IndecidingwhethertoadmitfreshevidencethecourtmusthaveregardtoS.23oftheCriminal The jury are not bound to follow acts or omissions in being party to the killing. have substantially impaired his mental ability to either: Understand the nature of their conduct or Opinion. [20][21] In the proceedings, all parties accepted that withdrawal from the European Union would have profound consequences in terms of changing domestic law in each of the jurisdictions of the United Kingdom. Any Member State may decide to withdraw from the Union in accordance with its own constitutional requirements. [25] These allegations were countered by his spokesman, who said that Neuberger's wife's personal views had no effect on Neuberger's ability to interpret the law. Cases decided on: October 17, 2019. Plea was successful, 7 years manslaughter. defence to be raised for the first time here if the option had been exercised at the R v Byrne(1960)2Q. whatareasonablemanwouldregardasabnormal. either: a) Understand the nature of their conduct or. Meet the Supreme Court President - the top judge in Brexit case", "-: Transcript, 17 October 2016, from p.60", "UK UK Politics UK ratifies the EU Lisbon Treaty", "Explanatory Notes to Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010", "R (Miller) -v- Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union", "Prospect of early general election increases after High Court rules Government cannot trigger Article 50 without parliamentary approval", "Pound Jumps as Court Brexit Ruling, BOE Deliver Double Boost", "British newspapers react to judges' Brexit ruling: 'Enemies of the people', "The Daily Mail is very upset because an 'openly gay judge' ruled on Brexit", "MPs condemn newspaper attacks on judges after Brexit ruling", "Bar Council urges Liz Truss to condemn attacks on judges", "Liz Truss breaks silence on judiciary but fails to mention Brexit ruling backlash", "Whatever the Supreme Court decide, the case for Brexit is strong. Robert Craig: Miller Supreme Court Case Summary characteristic was excessive when compared to that experienced 0.0 / 5. What has been held to constitute an abnormality of mind: Jealousy (R v Miller 1972) Battered woman syndrome (R v Hobson 1997, R v Ahluwalia 1993) Pre-menstrual tension (R v Smith 1982, R v Reynolds 1988) Epilepsy (R v Campbell 1997) Chronic depression (R v Seers, R v Gittens 1984) Sex differences in how and to what extent jealousy manifests have long been documented by evolutionary psychologists with males showing more pronounced responses to sexual infidelity and females to emotional infidelity. Australian Communist Party v Commonwealth (1951) 83 CLR 1. . Personal privacy interests are protected by two provisions of the FOIA, Exemptions 6 and 7(C). R v Dawson - 1985. In each case the defendant must demonstrate that the [63] On 18 November the Supreme Court announced that the Attorney General for Northern Ireland had made a reference to the court regarding devolution issues relating to that jurisdiction and that the court had granted the applications of four interveners to take part in the appeal, namely: The BBC reported that the Lord Advocate would be addressing the court on Scots law, and the Welsh Counsel General's submissions would be addressing the court on the rule of law and parliamentary sovereignty. R v Campbell [1997] 1 Cr App R 199 Case summary, Raising diminished responsibility on appeal. . recognised mental condition. The defendant was a vagrant who had spent the evening drinking before returning to the property where he was squatting. R. v. Melvin Earl Miller (No. Diminished responsibilityissetoutins of the Homicide Act 1957asamendedbysof 'substantially impaired ability' to address the criticism that the old law phrase of 'mental responsibility' was too vague. (2) The Court of Appeal shall, in considering whether to receive any evidence, have Thethreespecialdefencesofdiminished In 1972, for the first time in the history of the United Kingdom, a dynamic, international source of law was grafted onto, and above, the well-established existing sources of domestic law: Parliament and the courts. Epilepsy(R v Campbell1997), Chronicdepression(R v Seers, R v Gittens1984). "[81], For the Respondent Miller it was argued that the Court should not accept that the legal limits on ministers' powers are to be left to or influenced by political control, or parliamentary control, short of an act of Parliament. Charges: 8 counts, including aggravated causing harm with intent to cause harm, aggravated threatening life, rape. 3 substantially impaired his/her mental ability. But it's simply that there has to be a process followed if parliament is to give effect to and express the wish of the electorate. The core features of emotional development include the ability . responsibility is successfully pleaded, it has the effect of [7] The government argued that the use of prerogative powers to enact the referendum result was constitutionally proper and consistent with domestic law whereas the opposing view was that the exercise of prerogative powers would undermine the European Communities Act 1972 and would set aside rights previously established by Parliament.[8]. a referendum on any topic can only be advisory for the lawmakers in Parliament unless very clear language to the contrary is in the referendum legislation in question. The defendant had ridden a motor-cycle and hit a pedestrian. Criminal Damage Act 1971 1 (1) (3) England and Wales. Omissions Cases | Digestible Notes PK ! What has been held to constitute an abnormality of mind: Jealousy (R v Miller 1972) Battered woman syndrome (R v Hobson 1997, R v Ahluwalia 1993) Pre-menstrual tension (R v Smith 1982, R v Reynolds 1988) Epilepsy (R v Campbell 1997) Chronic depression (R v Seers, R v Gittens 1984) evidence. Fourth day: for the Scottish government (continued), followed by for the Welsh government, followed by for Interested Parties Grahame Pigney and others, followed by for Interested Parties AB, KK, PR and children, followed by for George Birnie and others, followed by for the Appellant in reply. ", "Hairdresser behind Brexit challenge now in hiding after vile hate mail", "Businesses prepare legal challenge over Brexit negotiations", "Article 50 process on Brexit faces legal challenge to ensure parliamentary involvement", "Brexit move 'won't happen in 2016' Government tells High Court judge in legal challenge", [https://web.archive.org/web/20161019004800/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/558592/Miller_v_SSExEU_-_Skeleton_Argument_of_the_Secretary_of_State_300916.pdf Archived, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170403065739/http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2008/1409.html Archived, "Supreme Court judge urged to stand down over wife's Brexit tweets", "Who is Lord Neuberger? 121. Sturgeon maintained it "simply cannot be right" for EU rights to be "removed by the UK Government on the say-so of a Prime Minister without parliamentary debate, scrutiny or consent". He fell asleep with a lit cigarette in his hand, which started a fire. It is contained in R v Ahluwalia [1992] 4 All ER 889, CA A woman D had entered into an . This case concerns the conglomeration of two appeals, one from the High Court of England and Wales and one from the Inner House of the Court of Session in Scotland. reducingamurderconvictiontomanslaughter. The abnormality must provide an explanation for Ds act R v Miller - Wikipedia It has a wide meaning and "[55] Her statement was in turn criticised as belated and inadequate. R v Miller [1983] 2 AC 161, [1983] Crim LR 466 - Case Summary - lawprof.co 318; 50 C.C.C. necessary or expedient in the interests of justice --. It was Hollywood turned real life. Justice Act 2009. 122. He suffered extensive scarring, and endured embarrassment and teasing during his school years. Law School Case Brief; Miller v. Miller - 97 N.J. 154, 478 A.2d 351 (1984) Rule: . [56] On 5 November 2016, Truss issued a statement in which she said: "The independence of the judiciary is the foundation upon which our rule of law is built and our judiciary is rightly respected the world over for its independence and impartiality. The Supreme Court heard the appeal from 5 December 2016 to 8 December 2016, and, by a majority of 83, upheld the High Court ruling, finding that authorisation by Parliament was required for the invocation of Article 50. The defendant woke and, seeing the fire, took no steps to extinguish it but simply moved to sleep in a different room. And, as explained in paras 1315 above, before (i) signing and (ii) ratifying the 1972 Accession Treaty, ministers, acting internationally, waited for Parliament, acting domestically, (i) to give clear, if not legally binding, approval in the form of resolutions, and (ii) to enable the Treaty to be effective by passing the 1972 Act. . .. the EU Treaties not only concern the international relations of the United Kingdom, they are a source of domestic law, and they are a source of domestic legal rights many of which are inextricably linked with domestic law from other sources. Some examples of what has been held to constitute an abnormality of the mind include: Jealousy ( R v Miller 1972,even unfounded jealousy R v Vinagre 1979) Battered woman syndrome ( R v Hobson 1997, R v Ahluwalia 1993) Pre-menstrual tension ( R v Smith 1982, R v Reynolds 1988) Epilepsy ( R v Campbell 1997) Nothing could be further from the truth. Rather than taking action to put out the fire, he moved to a different room; The fire went on to cause extensive damage to the cost of 800; Held (House of Lords) Miller was guilty of arson under the Criminal Damage Act 1971; Lord Diplock Actus Reus . Abnormality of the mental v Ahluwalia 1993), Pre-menstrual tension ( R v Smith 1982, R v Reynolds 1988), Chronic depression ( R v Seers, R v Gittens 1984). Final, Unit 6 - History of NHS - Distinction Achieved, Acoples-storz - info de acoples storz usados en la industria agropecuaria. [43] The Crown may not alter the domestic law of the UK or modify rights conferred by Parliament. ofsuchintoxicants: R v Tandy[1989]1WLR350Casesummary, RvStewart[2009]1WLR2507Casesummary. regard in particular to --. [82] For the Respondent Dos Santos it was submitted that the legislature could easily have said what effect the 2015 referendum was if it wanted to tell us, but it has not told us, and the courts should not try and guess what the legislature intended, but instead leave it to the legislature to decide; and that, as there is no parliamentary authorisation for the loss of rights resulting from withdrawal from the EU, whether under the 2015 Act, or any other legislation which has been passed by Parliament, the government's appeal should be dismissed. Cade, W.H. R v Tandy. [1972] Crim LR 260 England and Wales Cited by: Cited - Appleby, Regina v (Attorney-General's Reference (No 60 of 2009) CACD 18-Dec-2009 applebyCACD2009 Each defendant had been convicted of an assault resulting in a death, but where no weapon had been used and where but for the death the charge would . the Homicide Act 1957 as modified by the Coroners and [26], The Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd(Lord Chief Justice), Sir Terence Etherton(Master of the Rolls), At the full hearing in October, before three judges sitting as a divisional court (the Lord Chief Justice, the Master of the Rolls and Lord Justice Sales), it was argued for the lead claimant (Miller) that notification under Article 50 would commit the UK to the removal of rights existing under the European Communities Act 1972 and later ratification acts, and that it is not open to the government, without Parliament's approval, to use the prerogative power to take action affecting rights which Parliament had recognised in that way. Presentation: R v Miller [1983] 2 AC 16 - a statement of the relevant facts; A vagrant, the defendant, went to live in an unoccupied house. In later cases, all involving public issues, the Court extended this same constitutional protection to libels of public figures, e.g., Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts, 388 U. S. 130 (1967), and in one case suggested in a plurality opinion that this constitutional rule should extend to libels of any individual so long as the defamatory statements . [19] At the hearing, lawyers for the government confirmed that the government would not issue an Article 50 notification before the end of 2016. Abnormality of the mental functioning caused by a The th, suicide pact differ from general defences in that they do, to all crimes and also the effect is to reduce criminal liability, rather than to absolve the defendant from. Otherwise, as must be clear, defendants might be. The Daily Telegraph commented that the High Court ruling increased the prospect of an early general election,[50] while the Financial Times and The Guardian reported the case as a "blow" or a "setback" to the British government plans. capacity to instruct the defence: R v Erskine [2009] EWCA Crim 1425 Case summary, R v Neaven [2006] EWCA Crim 955 Case summary, R v Diamond [2008] EWCA Crim 923 Case summary, R v Hendy [2006] EWCA Crim 819 Case summary, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, reducing a murder conviction to manslaughter. As the appellant created the liability himself it would make no sense to excuse him of criminal liability. [5], Following a referendum held on 23 June 2016, in which 51.9% of votes cast were in favour of leaving the EU, the UK government stated its intention to invoke Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (the formal procedure for withdrawing) on 29 March 2017. Introduction . But, in the light of a point made in oral argument, it is right to add that the fact that Parliament may decide to content itself with a very brief statute is nothing to the point. (Australia) The court discussed the extent of the director's powers to arrange the company to prevent a take over: 'It would seem to me to be unreal in the light of the structure of modern . Thisisanissueofcausation-S.1BHomicideAct1957statesthatanabnormalityofthemental 2. mindoranyinherentcausesorinducedbydiseaseorinjury. Thesameapproachisappliedwherethedefendantisintoxicatedbyprescriptiondrugs: Wherethereexistsanabnormalityofthemindinadditiontointoxicants,thelegalpositionwas The court asked whether he had been reckless. The Welsh Government submitted that the British Government's proposed Article 50 notification would be an unlawful dispensation by the Crown of the provisions establishing the competence of the Welsh Assembly. Prior to the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, the Homicide Act Insanity and diminished responsibility - Insanity Criminal - Studocu (2018), This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 15:31. [22], At the preliminary hearing on 19 July 2016, Sir Brian Leveson, President of the Queen's Bench Division, stated that the court gave leave to Dos Santos to stay his proceedings and join as an interested party in Miller's case, and others, such as a group of unnamed clients who were separately represented, would have the option to be interested parties in the claim or interveners. Anotoriousexampleofthe Abnormality of the mental functioning caused by a recognised mental condition. Rather than taking action to put out the fire, he moved to a different room; the fire went on to cause extensive damage to the cost of 800. to all crimes and also the effect is to reduce criminal liability Miller v. Miller | Case Brief for Law School | LexisNexis The first of the parties to lodge a complaint in the proceedings against the government's intention to trigger Article 50 without a parliamentary vote was Deir Dos Santos, who launched his action four days after the referendum of 23 June. R v Miller [1983] 2 AC 161. defence should succeed. The court described the passing of the European Communities Act 1972 as the major step of "switching on the direct effect of EU law in the national legal systems", and reasoned that it is implausible that Parliament's intention was that the Crown should be able to switch it off unilaterally by exercise of its prerogative powers. 'substantially impaired ability' to address the criticism that the old law phrase of 'mental responsibility' was too vague. The three special 2d 1113, see flags on bad law, . 184 . R v Byrne (1960) 2 Q. He offered the defence of accident. 2d 1113, see flags on bad law, . 375) Indexed As: R. v. Miller. 20", "SC Transcript, 8 December 2016, p.172-176 (Eadie)", "Four versions of Brexit law prepared as Government braced for Supreme Court defeat in Article 50 case", "House of Commons: European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Bill", Supreme Court Judgment (2017) UKSC 5 (BAILII), Supreme Court Judgment (2017) UKSC 5 Press Summary, R. (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union High Court, the full judgment, Supreme Court: Article 50 Brexit Appeal Main Page, Supreme Court printed copy of the submission by the Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union, Supreme Court Written Case of Gina Miller, Supreme Court copy of the written submission of the Lord Advocate (, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R_(Miller)_v_Secretary_of_State_for_Exiting_the_European_Union&oldid=1151045620, Neuberger, Hale, Mance, Kerr, Clarke, Wilson, Sumption, Hodge, Reed, Carnwath, Hughes (all dissented on royal prerogative point; all concurred on devolution point), R (on the application of Miller and another) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union, R (on the application of the Attorney General for Northern Ireland) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union and the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, ex parte Agnew and others (Northern Ireland), R (on the application of McCord) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union and the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (Northern Ireland). [9] It was a constitutional principle that Acts of Parliament could not be changed without the consent of Parliament. What happened in the R v Smith 1982 case? I see no rational ground for excluding from conduct capable of giving rise to criminal liability, conduct which consists of failing to take measures that lie within one's power to counteract a danger that one has oneself created, if at the time of such conduct one's state of mind is such as constitutes a necessary ingredient of the offence. suicide pact differ from general defences in that they do not apply Thus the Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. 5th Intervener, Lawyers of Britain (written submissions only). The financial markets reacted by an increasing exchange rate for the pound sterling against the euro and the dollar, on speculation of a delayed or softer Brexit. R. 133 Case Bearing in mind this unique history and the constitutional principle of Parliamentary sovereignty, it seems most improbable that those two parties had the intention or expectation that ministers, constitutionally the junior partner in that exercise, could subsequently remove the graft without formal appropriate sanction from the constitutionally senior partner in that exercise, Parliament. 1. Miller's defence was that there was no actus reus coinciding with mens rea. [54], Shadow Justice Secretary Richard Burgon condemned personal attacks from newspapers on the judges, describing them as "hysterical", and called on Lord Chancellor Liz Truss to speak out and protect them. This page is not available in other languages. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Torelyonthedefence,thedefendantmustbeableto [36] The Lord Chief Justice described the statutory procedure as "of critical importance". incausingDtocarryoutthatconduct. 96-CA-01346-SCT. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of LawTeacher.net. Argued December 4, 1984. Disclaimer: This work was produced by one of our expert legal writers, as a learning aid to help law students with their studies. Upon waking and seeing that the mattress he was lying on was on fire he got up, went into the next room and went back to sleep. The span from 1970 to 1972 produced three albums all incredibly different from another, not only in its greatly restricted lineups, but down to . The act's two sections are to confer on the Prime Minister the power of giving the notice that the Treaty requires to be given when a member state decides to withdraw.[88]. Menu. KFZ-Gutachter. ItiscontainedintheHomicide Act 1957asmodifiedbytheCoroners and Justice Act Appeal1968whichprovides: "(1)ForpurposesofthisPartofthisActtheCourtofAppealmay,iftheythinkitnecessaryor However, the understanding of this association is fragmented and needs to be assimilated to provide scholars with an overview of the current boundaries of knowledge in this area. What happened in the R v Hobson 1997 case? Lobban (1972), for example, read court records of homicide cases in the Sudan, and reported that sexual jealousy was the leading motive category, accounting for 74 of the 300 male-offender cases (24.7%). 279 words (1 pages) Case Summary. For the Scottish government, Scotland's First Minister, Nicola Sturgeon, told the Lord Advocate to apply to join the case. The Supreme Court's decision was given on appeal from the High Court's ruling[2] that the Crown's foreign affairs prerogative, which is exercised by the government led by the Prime Minister, may not be used to nullify rights that Parliament has enacted through primary legislation. He went back to the house he had been staying in and fell asleep on a mattress with a lighted cigarette in his hand. R v Miller [1983] 2 AC 161. Appeal dismissed, original conviction upheld. Evening star. (Albany, W. & A. Gould & co.; County: Mombasa. Diminished Responsibility - Studocu decision not to raise the defence of diminished responsibility was where under the previous law list the courts allowed rage in R v Coles (1990) and Jealousy in R v Miller (1972) - have to wait and see if such cases would be allowed under the new wording. Votes: 2,520. [41] The court held that the Government had no power to trigger notification under article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), because it would remove a series of rights created by Acts of Parliament. Offences Against the Person Act 1861 s. 47, Criminal Appeal Act 1968 (c.19) s.33(2), Criminal Damage Act 1971 (c.48) s.1, Criminal Damage Act 1971 (c.48) s.1(1), Criminal Damage Act 1971 (c.48) s.1(2), Criminal Damage Act 1971 (c.48) s.4, Cruelty to Animals Act 1849 s.2, This page was last edited on 12 April 2023, at 12:02. What happened in the R v Vinagre 1979 case? [9] Miller contended that, if notification under Article 50 were to be invoked to leave the European Union, it would effectively nullify a series of Acts of Parliament. R v Chan, 2011 NSSC 471 (CanLII), per Wright J: NS: SC: 1 year incarceration: Summary of case is pending. [23] In the court proceedings, the government contended that it would be constitutionally impermissible for the court to make a declaration in terms that the government could not lawfully issue notification under Article 50 unless authorised by an Act of Parliament, and stated that the declaration now being opposed would trespass on proceedings in Parliament. 83-812. Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union, European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017, Miller's later Brexit-related case against the Government, Divisional Court (Queen's Bench Division) of the High Court (England and Wales) (EWHC (QBD)), Court of Appeal (Northern Ireland) (NICA), European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Bill 2017, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Council of the European Union (EU) (Consilium), Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union, European Communities (Greek Accession) Act 1979, European Communities (Spanish and Portuguese Accession) Act 1985, European Communities (Amendment) Act 1986, European Union (Croatian Accession and Irish Protocol) Act 2013, Attorney General v De Keyser's Royal Hotel, Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010, Independent Workers' Union of Great Britain, R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, Ex p Simms, "Miller & Anor, R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (Rev 3) [2017] UKSC 5", "Miller & Anor, R (On the Application Of) v The Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (Rev 1) [2016] EWHC 2768 (Admin)", "Brexit Article 50 Challenge to Quickly Move to Supreme Court", "Brexit: Ministers 'not legally compelled' to consult AMs", "Brexit: Supreme Court says Parliament must give Article 50 go-ahead", "Nick Barber, Tom Hickman and Jeff King: Pulling the Article 50 'Trigger': Parliament's Indispensable Role", "Why giving notice of withdrawal from the EU requires act of parliament", "Judicial review litigation over the correct constitutional process for triggering Article 50 TEU", "Factbox: Brexit case in Britain's Supreme Court how will it work?
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