cocos plate and north american plate boundary type

Question: Tectonic Plates Use this map to answer the following questions. That may not seem like much, but when tens of thousands of earthquakes occur over a few million years, coastal ranges form. Californias San Andreas fault is a transform boundary. This plate is moving north east towards the Arabia and Eurasia plates. . Rates of motions of the major plates range from less than 1 cm/y to over 10 cm/y. Cocos Plate - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Spreading rates vary considerably, from 2 cm/y to 6 cm/y in the Atlantic, to between 12 cm/y and 20 cm/y in the Pacific. This map shows the boundaries between the major plates. And at times, lower-silica components of their magma chambers erupt, producing basalt lava flows as well as cinders and volcanic bombs. The best example is the San Andreas Fault on the Pacific coast of the United States. Modified from Earth: Portrait of a Planet", by S. Marshak, 2001, W. W. Norton & Comp., New York. The Philippine Sea Plate. Pangea, which existed from about 350 to 200 Ma, was not the first supercontinent. A continent-continent collision occurs when a continent or large island that has been moved along with subducting oceanic crust collides with another continent (Figure \(\PageIndex{8}\)). USGS photo. A visit to Olympic National Park is an opportunity to witness features of an accretionary wedge as they develop. The part of the plate around the South America plate is moving northwards and a little east. The North American Plate is one of the slowest, averaging around 1 cm/y in the south up to almost 4 cm/y in the north. North America plate, Australia plate, Antarctic plate, Nazca plate, Filipino plate, Cocos plate, Juan de Fuca plate. The Cocos Plate is a young oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Central America, named for Cocos Island, which rides upon it. Crater Lake partially fills the caldera of a volcano that erupted and collapsed in on Itself 7,700 years ago. CC BY. Find the boundary between the North American and Cocos plates. Puget Sound and the Willamette Valley are areas near sea level between the coastal and volcanic mountain ranges. The Nazca plate is a large tectonic plate that underlies the Pacific Ocean near the western coast of South America. Pillow lavas form on the ocean floor where erupting magma encounters cold sea water. The northern boundary of the Cocos Plate is the Middle America Trench. Examine the figure below. Solved Question 1 (1 point) Saved Unclick all the other - Chegg Parks in the Cascadia Subduction Zone dramatically display the two distinct mountain ranges the Coast Range just above where the Juan de Fuca Plate begins to subduct, and the volcanic Cascade Range farther inland, where the top of the plate is deeper. Left image Between 200 and 150 Ma, rifting started between South America and Africa and between North America and Europe, and India moved north toward Asia. Continental drift and sea-floor spreading became widely accepted around 1965 as more and more geologists started thinking in these terms. What plate boundary shows the collision of two plates? WrangellSt. (Click on arrows and slide left and right to see labels.). The Cocos Plate is a relatively small sized, triangular-shaped oceanic plate located just west of Mexico and the Caribbean. The eruption of Mt. Compared to the other tectonic plates in the region, the Cocos Plate is converging with the Caribbean Plate at a steady rate of about 78 millimeters per year based on data from ISCO over 10 months. A variety of earthquakes shake the Pacific Northwest due to plate-tectonic activity. Many rift valleys are part of " triple junctions," a type of divergent boundary where three tectonic plates meet at about 120 angles. This plate includes the northeastern part of the Atlantic ocean, all of Europe, all of Russia (except its most eastern part), and down through southeast Asia, including China and Indonesia. It runs along the west coast of Mexico and western Caribbean countries. Incipient rifting has begun along the Great Rift Valley of eastern Africa, extending from Ethiopia and Djibouti on the Gulf of Aden (Red Sea) all the way south to Malawi. The boundary between the Pacific and North American plates in California is a transform plate boundary marked by the San Andreas strike-slip fault. This is the zone where the two plates have been locked together since the last great earthquake occurred in the year 1700. Increased temperature and pressure at that depth cause the rocks to metamorphose and dehydrate (sweat). South America plate, Pacific plate, Antarctic plate, Cocos plate. After a terrifying free-fall that lasted 8 minutes, the pilots finally managed to restart the engines at only 6,000 feet (2,000 meters). Modified from The Geology of our National Parks, Monuments and Seashores, by Robert J. Lillie, New York, W. W. Norton and Company, 298 pp., 2005, www.amazon.com/dp/0134905172. The rising water melts rock in its path, forming a volcanic arc on the overrriding plate. What type of boundary is the Philippine plate? Another, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, is a vast region that extends across the accretionary wedge and volcanic arc, and is built of accreted terranes. The southern boundary is a mid-oceanic ridge, the Galapagos Rise. It was preceded by Pannotia (600 to 540 Ma), by Rodinia (1,100 to 750 Ma), and by others before that. Imagine if Mt. This plate includes Australia and much of the surrounding ocean. Volcanic and metamorphic rocks exposed in Kenai Fjords National Park reveal the incredible forces that occur at an ocean/continent subduction zone. The plate boundary is a broad zone of deformation with a width of about 60 miles (100 kilometers). Sediment that has accumulated on the continental slope is thrust up into an accretionary wedge, and compression leads to thrusting within the continental plate (Figure \(\PageIndex{7}\)). Mazama, erupted and collapsed 7,700 years ago, forming the large cavity (caldera) that now holds Crater Lake. 10.4: Plate, Plate Motions, and Plate Boundary Processes The physical landscape was an important component of the practical and spiritual aspects of Native Americans lives. Caribbean Plate | Geology Page Redoubt, an active volcano in Lake Clark National Park, illustrates how a volcano can pose an unexpected hazard in our modern age and why monitoring volcanic activity is so important (see photo below). Plates move as rigid bodies, so it may seem surprising that the North American Plate can be moving at different rates in different places. The largest earthquakes occur near the surface where the subducting plate is still cold and strong. Visits to coastal NPS sites in the Pacific Northwest can help us appreciate the landscapes that develop over time because of these large quakes, and learn how we are preparing our homes, communities, and infrastructure for the next Big One.. The Cocos Plate was created approximately 23 million years ago when the Farallon Plate broke into two pieces, which also created the Nazca Plate. Visitors can witness mountains as they are forming, and sometimes experience the accompanying earthquake and volcanic activity. Garibaldi to Lassen Peak, coincides with the north-to-south extent of the subducting plate boundary. Listing total number of features into an ArcGIS Online feature pop-up, Convergent boundaries: where two plates are colliding. Images above modified from Oregon's Island in the Sky: Geology Road Guide to Marys Peak, by Robert J. Lillie, Wells Creek Publishers, 75 pp., 2017, www.amazon.com/dp/1540611965. The mafic magma produced adjacent to the subduction zone rises to the base of the continental crust and leads to partial melting of the crustal rock. This can be demonstrated by stacking the three quarters with California on the bottom, overlain by Oregon and then Washington. the East Pacific Rise has created rift valleys where the Pacific plate is separating from the North American plate, Cocos plate, . Subduction of the Cocos plate beneath the North American plate along the Middle American Trench in Mexico generates large to great earthquakes every 30-100 years. Some geological processes act so slowly that we may think of the Earth as rock-solid and unmoving. Finally, using a highlighter or colored pencil, label as many of the boundaries as you can as divergent, convergent, or transform. Lake Clark National Park Dramatic examples of these layers in tilted and contorted forms can be found in Olympic National Park and elsewhere along the coast and in the mountains. Boundaries between the plates are of three types: divergent (i.e., moving apart), convergent (i.e., moving together), and transform (moving side by side). As discussed in the context of subduction-related volcanism in Chapter 4, the significant volume of water within the subducting material is released as the subducting crust is heated. If two tectonic plates collide, they form a convergent plate boundary. Plate Tectonics and Volcanic Activity - National Geographic Society Now suppose the subduction processes that form the volcanoes were to stop, shutting off the magma supply that feeds the volcanoes. The Pacific Plate is the fastest, followed by the Australian and Nazca Plates. Bold numbers are the years of moderately large (larger than about M7) historical earthquakes written next to their approximate location. The Caribbean-North America-Cocos Triple Junction and the dynamics of If spreading along the mid-Atlantic ridge continues to be slower than spreading within the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean will start to close up, and eventually (in a 100 million years or more) North and South America will collide with Europe and Africa. At transform boundaries lithosphere is neither created nor destroyed. The eruption of Aniakchak Volcano about 3,500 years ago rivals the eruption and collapse of Mt. The subducted lithosphere descends into the hot mantle at a relatively shallow angle close to the subduction zone, but at steeper angles farther down (up to about 45). As the basalt magma rises up through the thick continental crust of North America, it melts some of that rock, too. Produced under a Cooperative Agreement for earth science education between the National Park Service's Geologic Resources Division and the American Geosciences Institute. Often it is the older and colder plate that is denser and subducts beneath the younger and hotter plate. In 1966, Tuzo Wilson proposed that there has been a continuous series of cycles of continental rifting and collision; that is, break-up of supercontinents, drifting, collision, and formation of other supercontinents. Nazca plate, Pacific plate, North America plate, Caribbean plate. Feature labels. It is subducting under (that is, being forced under) the South American plate. The most famous example of a transform boundary is the San Andreas Fault in California. The Nazca plate is a large tectonic plate that underlies the Pacific Ocean near the western coast of South America. What caused the Chile earthquake of 1960? Cocos Plate; Type: Minor: Approximate area: 2,900,000 km 2: Movement 1: north-east: Speed 1: 67 mm/year: . Vents and fractures (also called fissures ) in these mid-ocean ridges allow magma and gases to escape into the ocean. To the north it borders the North American Plate, which encompasses the entire north of the continent. Credit: Photo courtesy of Robert J. Lillie. Subduction zones occur when one or both of the tectonic plates are composed of oceanic crust. Farther inland, the subducting plate reaches depths where it sweats hot water. The Cocos Plate Examine the interactive globe. Note that the dark blue line does not run further up the coast. More recent studies of continental matchups and the magnetic ages of ocean-floor rocks have enabled us to reconstruct the history of the break-up of Pangea. Most of this water is present within the sheet silicate mineral serpentine which is derived from alteration of pyroxene and olivine near the spreading ridge shortly after the rocks formation. The series of hot spots that has been identified in the Atlantic Ocean may also have existed for several hundred million years, and thus may have contributed to rifting in roughly the same place on at least two separate occasions (Figure \(\PageIndex{13}\)). A transform plate boundary developed where the Pacific Plate was in contact with the North American Plate and the volcanism ceased in central California. Roughly 3.2 million square kilometers (1.2 million square miles) in area, the Caribbean. Within the past few million years, rifting has taken place in the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, and also within the Gulf of California. Thus subduction-zone volcanoesincluding those in the Cascadescan be explosive (think of the release of steam in a boiling pot of thick oatmeal). Volcanoes in national parks in the Cascades have eruptive personalities that reflect the complex magma systems associated with subduction zones. Error message | View complete answer on https://www.britannica.com Are the Nazca Plate and South American plates divergent plates? Find the boundary between the North American and Cocos plates. A mid-oceanic ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary located along the floor of the Pacific Ocean. The map shows the major tectonic plates that compose Earth's crust and upper mantle Arrows indicate direction of plate movement and the size of the arrows indicate rate of movement. Along this fault, the Pacific plate is moving northwestward relative to the North American plate at an approximate rate of 16.4 feet per 100 years (5 cm/year). Mount Rainier is a 14,000 foot (4,300 meter) volcano in the Cascade Range developed above the place where the subducting Juan de Fuca Plate reaches sufficient depth to release hot fluids into the overriding North American Plate. Cocos Plate - Wikipedia The two parallel mountain ranges influence many of the physical and cultural aspects of the Pacific Northwest. Jennifer Natoli was a seasonal ranger at Redwood National and State Parks in California. This plate is rotating in a clockwise direction towards the Pacific plate. This is why some of the mountain chains formed during the earlier collision can be traced from Europe to North America and from Europe to Africa. But unlike Mt. But parks in the Cascade Mountains within the same subduction zone are dramatically different. What type of plate boundary is the Cocos Plate? - Studybuff Plate Tectonics and Our National Parks (2020), Text and Illustrations by Robert J. Lillie, Emeritus Professor of Geosciences, Oregon State University [E-mail]. Adding TravelTime as Impedance in ArcGIS Network Analyst? This affects not only plant and animal communities, but also human habitation and land use. The North American Plate is one of the slowest, averaging around 1 cm/y in the south up to almost 4 cm/y in the north. Individual earthquakes can offset or lift the land a fraction of an inch or a few inches (centimeters) at a time. There is tremendous deformation of the pre-existing continental rocks, and creation of mountains from that rock, from any sediments that had accumulated along the shores (i.e., within geosynclines) of both continental masses, and commonly also from some ocean crust and upper mantle material. This subduction forms the volcanoes of Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, also known as the Central America Volcanic Arc. This page titled 10.4: Plate, Plate Motions, and Plate Boundary Processes is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Steven Earle (BCCampus) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Cocos Tectonic Plate The low region between the two parallel mountain ranges is the, 150 miles inland, the top of the subducting plate reaches depths where its hot enough to generate fluids, forming volcanoes in the. Silica-rich ash melted and coated the hot engine turbines with glass, causing all four of them to shut down. In doing so the magma is enriched in silica, because high-silica minerals commonly are the first ones to melt. What are the 4 types of plate boundaries? Pacific plate, Australia plate, Africa plate, Scotia plate, Nazca plate, South America plate. Drum (right). rare Examine the interactive globe. Four-letter codes indicate the ancient volcanic arc parks listed near the top of this page. Another divergent plate boundary is the East Pacific Rise, which separates the massive Pacific plate from the Nazca, Cocos, and North American plates. The Coast Ranges, including the Olympic Mountains, are made of oceanic sediments and hard rocks that were caught in the vise between the converging plates, uplifted, and added to the edge of the continent. Two arms of the triple junction can split to form an entire ocean. As originally described by Wegener in 1915, the present continents were once all part of a supercontinent, which he termed Pangea (meaning all land). Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are all found in abundance. What type of plate boundary is between the Nazca and Cocos Plate? NPS photo. Introduction The Cocos Plate is a relatively small sized, triangular-shaped oceanic plate located just west of Mexico and the Caribbean. Convergent Plate BoundariesSubduction Zones - National Park Service Katmai National Park And, as at Mt. What type of plate boundaies are found between the Cocos, Nazca, and Pacific plates? In 1989 and 1990, Mt. As the mid-ocean ridge separating the Farallon and Pacific Plates entered the subduction zone, the Farallon Plate separated into the Juan de Fuca and Cocos Plates. National Park Service sites in the Cascades reveal colorful landscapes that result from a varity of volcanic processes. Rainier in Mt. Since there are convection currents in the mantle,. There is commonly an ocean trench along the boundary. The major plates are Eurasia, Pacific, India, Australia, North America, South America, Africa, and Antarctic. Along much of the boundary, the bulk of the motion occurs along the San Andreas Fault. The explanation is that plates move in a rotational manner. The overlying volcanoes have since eroded away, exposing a vast expanse of the ancient magma chambers in the Sierra Nevada. Expert Answer. The Cocos Plate is a small, oceanic plate just to the west of Central America. The devastating 1985 Mexico City earthquake and the 2017 Chiapas earthquake were results of the subduction of the Cocos Plate beneath the North American Plate. They contain explosive volcanoes formed as fluids rise from the top of the subducting plate and generate magma as they melt their way to the surface. What are the three types of convergent plate boundaries? The Philippine Sea Plate has an area of approximately 3400 square kilometers. Start with the major plates, and then work on the smaller ones. The park is right above the focus of the Great Alaska Earthquake of 1964, one of the two largest ever recorded (the other, in 1961, occurred along the subduction zone off western South America). Transform boundaries where plates slide passed each other. Other rocks seen in the high mountains at the center of the park were pushed more deeply into the Earth, where increasing temperature and pressure changed them into metamorphic rocks known as quartzite and slate. Storms coming in from the Pacific Ocean drop most of their moisture on the Coast Range and Cascades, leaving eastern Oregon and Washington high and dry. To the east it limits with the Caribbean plate, which is located in the Caribbean Sea and in the north of South America. Novarupta Lava Dome USGS photo. If this continues without changing for another couple hundred million years, we will be back to where we started, with one supercontinent. The magma, which is lighter than the surrounding mantle material, rises through the mantle and the overlying oceanic crust to the ocean floor where it creates a chain of volcanic islands known as an island arc. Some of the processes taking place in this setting include: Spreading is hypothesized to start within a continental area with up-warping or doming related to an underlying mantle plume or series of mantle plumes. Examples of continent-continent convergent boundaries are the collision of the India Plate with the Eurasian Plate, creating the Himalaya Mountains, and the collision of the African Plate with the Eurasian Plate, creating the series of ranges extending from the Alps in Europe to the Zagros Mountains in Iran. They are part of the volcanic arc that extends northeastward from the Aleutian Islands, across the Alaska Peninsula and Aniakchak National Monument, Katmai and Lake Clark national parks, and then bends eastward to Wrangell-St. Elias National Park. The rising hot water causes overlying rock to melt, generating magma that at times erupts out on the surface as lava flows and other materials forming Mt. Katmai volcano did collapse, but unlike Mt. Step 2/2. Where tectonic plates converge, the one with dense, thin oceanic crust subducts beneath the one with thick, more buoyant continental crust. This plate is moving northwest towards the Australia, Filipino, and Eurasia plates. Usually, one of the converging plates will move beneath the other, a process known as subduction. Olympic National Park, Washington This plate includes all of North America, Greenland, the eastern most part of Russia, northern Japan, and the northwestern part of the Atlantic ocean. This plate is moving north east towards the Eurasia plate. Transcribed image text: Question 1 (1 point) Saved Unclick all the other layers you've been using, and then click next to "plate boundary model" layer. We think that the Explorer Plate is also moving east, but we dont know the rate, and there is evidence that it is slower than the JDF Plate. Modified from The Geology of our National Parks, Monuments and Seashores, by Robert J. Lillie, New York, W. W. Norton and Company, 298 pp., 2005, www.amazon.com/dp/0134905172. USGS photo. o The boundary is found far from the North American Plate in the Pacific Ocean The boundary appears to be situated on a mid-ocean ridge ( ) The boundary is found close to the North American Plate. When rifting of Pangea started at approximately 200 Ma, the fissuring was along a different line from the line of the earlier collision. Subduction in the Pacific Northwest creates incredible beauty in the form of coastlines, mountains, and valleysiconic features of the many National Park Service sites in the region. Is the Nazca Plate a convergent boundary? Photo courtesy of Robert J. Lillie. Illustrations above modified from Earth: Portrait of a Planet", by S. Marshak, 2001, W. W. Norton & Comp., New York. Unclick all the other layers you've been using, and then click next to . Off the Pacific coast, the Cocos plate is subducted beneath both the North American and Caribbean plates, which are separated by a sinistral transcurrent boundary. Detailed Description Map of the North American - Caribbean tectonic plate boundary. Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve is on the Alaska Peninsula. North American Tectonic Plates | Facts, Movement & Locations - Video North America plate, South America plate, Cocos plate. Pangea began to rift apart along a line between Africa and Asia and between North America and South America at around 200 Ma. Is the Nazca plate convergent or divergent? Right image A convergent plate boundary is a location where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other, often causing one plate to slide below the other (in a process known as subduction).

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