A. women are the primary producers of subsistence crops. When the participants return to their community, the incorporation phase, they are recognized as men and allowed to learn the secret stories of the community.[42]. A. A. b. identifying variances determines which manager must find a solution to major discrepancies. Question 1 (1 point) According to Rosenberg which of the following To accomplish this, men from the community construct wooden towers sixty to eighty feet high, tie ropes made from tree vines around their ankles, and jump head-first toward the ground (Figure 5). They can also be a way for people to connect with their heritage and culture. C. Mens hunting activities are more important than womens gathering. E. Chiefdoms have full-time religious specialists. D.close exposure to the heat of a fire. More than half of American households with incomes below the poverty line. D. Rites of passage only worsen the anxieties caused by other aspects of religion. B. Nonindustrial economies have little to do with the everyday lives of people. D. They have no means of forcing people to follow their decisions. E. The less women contribute to the public sphere, the more publicly recognized power they achieve. Associated most commonly with birth, puberty, marriage, and death, these rituals can be prolonged ceremonies during which the individual receives instruction and preparation for this change in their lives. D. descent groups include only the children of the groups men. E. Nuclear families are found only in industrial societies, while descent groups are found only in foraging societies. Some examples include scapulimancy (burning the shoulder blade of a cow or antelope and reading a message in the burn pattern), tasseomancy (reading tea leaves at the bottom of a cup), oomancy (rubbing an egg over an area of illness or pain and then breaking it open to read a pattern), bibliomancy (randomly opening the Bible or another book and seeking a message in whatever passage is on that page), reading tarot cards, and checking astrological signs. When an individual gives something to someone else but expects nothing in return, this is an example of A. balanced reciprocity. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Which of the following statements about polyandry is true? Anthropologist Victor Turner (1969) discusses in detail the significance of liminality in rites of passage. Describe how ritual reinforces social solidarity. E. the lack of a clear public-domestic dichotomy contributes to reduced gender inequality. a ritual that is performed at a critical point in an individual's life cycle. B. homosexual practices of the Etoro. Rites of Intensification. E. It relies extensively on chemical fertilizers. B. People may perform witchcraft and sorcery to determine the source of affliction, exorcism to remove the presence of an adverse spirit, or divination to identify the source of harm. Lifespan Growth and Development Chapter 9. Second wives are not protected by the law as their marriages are not legal. Step over them seven times to ward off evil spirits. D. They live in marginal environments. B. Which of the following is not associated with the market principle? What term refers to the practice of marrying a person outside of the group to which one belongs? It tends to be more pronounced among foragers than among pastoralists. While nonbelievers might refer to rites of affliction as superstition, a belief or practice that has no credible evidence for its efficacy, for believers, these religious rites allow them to plead for help and sometimes control the outcome of threatening life events. Latin word for soul; represented the spiritual entity within oneself. A. The objects and activities involved in rituals stand in for or mean more than what they actually are. E. Incest was not documented in classic ethnographies and has only recently been the focus of research in anthropology. Family of procreation B. A. Incest is tabooed only in societies that practice patrilocal residence. Whether directly through a shamanic journey or through the mediation of a religious leader, communities petition the spirits or deity for healing or a blessing. E. the reason welfare in the United States is ineffective. Which of the following statements concerning the Basseri and the Qashqai is true? D. It was an important causal factor in the origin of the state. D. The separation of workers from the things they produce. A shift to agriculture has recently taken place. Behavior that violates the commandments brings both social disapproval from other members of the religious community and potential punishment from God. D. women generally are less restricted than men are with respect to premarital and extramarital sex. In the stages within a rite of passage (according to Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner), which of the following is included? E. Most economic activity takes place far from home. E. Men trade subsistence goods but not prestige items. One particularly dramatic example of this ritual is the Nagol land diving ceremony held each spring on the island of Pentecost in Vanuatu in the South Pacific. It tends to be more pronounced among agriculturalists than among foragers. E. It is not present in the industrial states of the Western world. B. In the United States, Halloween is also a rite of rebellion, one in which children go out at night to beg for candy from neighbors. 12. Ceremonies that help the group cope together with a crisis, such as an epidemic, are rites of: . The zadruga is a type of extended-family household found in what part of the world? Because they do not irrigate their fields, agriculturalists are more dependent on seasonal rains. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written B. Believers place their hands on the shoulders or head of the congregant who seeks healingwhether from social, mental, or physical distressin the belief that with fervent prayer and physical contact, the Holy Spirit can move from one individual to another to strengthen, heal, and anoint them with Gods grace. A. C. a discrepancy between external and internal genitals.. C. Gender stratification is generally reduced when the domestic and public spheres are not sharply separated. A. B. balanced reciprocity. E. human sexuality is completely determined by culture. During the first stage, individuals are removed from their current social identity and begin preparations to enter the next stage of life. B. warfare makes men dominant over women. Gennep noted that there are three stages in a rite of passageseparation, transition, and incorporationand that during the transition stage, the individual must traverse a threshold (limen in Latin) from their old social position or status to a new one. E. Too many men are being left without wives. The status of women is much lower than it is among northern foragers like the Inuit. A. A. Basseri (Iran) B. Australian aborigines C. Mbuti (Congo). It is a symbol of true manhood. A. They clear tracts of land they wish to use by cutting down trees and setting fire to the grass. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? Kertzer's definition of ritual (in readings) 1. A. 10.4: Elements of Religion - Rules and Rituals is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. A. hard work. Like many rituals, land diving has several goals. C. a strongly developed public-domestic dichotomy. Which of the following is a characteristic of most foraging societies? While the pilgrimage itself may occur at any time during the last three months of the Islamic calendar, the last five to six days of the 12th month are those on which the most significant rituals occur. Unlike rites of intensification and many rites of passage, rites of affliction are usually non-calendrical and unplanned. When asked to explain his continued faith, one village elder explained: You Christians have been waiting 2,000 years for Jesus to return to Earth, and you havent given up hope.[44] This John Frum custom is sometimes called a cargo cult, a term used to describe rituals that seek to attract material prosperity. Cross-cultural studies indicate that A. in nearly all societies men contribute much more to subsistence than women do. C. a resistance method practiced in small-scale societies. A. an example of the interrelatedness of religion and economy. A Rite of Intensification is a ritual or ceremony performed by a community in a time of crisis that affects all members, as a rain dance during a drought. Strong differentiation between spheres of exchange B. At the center of the photo, note the Kaaba, the symbolic dwelling place of Allah. C. foraging. The first stage of a rite of passage in which the individual withdraws, or is removed from, ordinary society. C. It impedes peaceful relations among social groups and therefore promotes population expansion. D. heterosexual sex is more common among humans than among other primates. C. The relative status of women is variable, depending on factors such as subsistence strategy, the importance of warfare, and the prevalence of a domestic-public dichotomy. During World War II, many islands in the South Pacific were used by the U.S. military as temporary bases. D. Divorce is unique to industrialized nation-states. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. A. Women who wanted too much heterosexual intercourse were viewed as witches. D. are headed by women. B. sons become lifetime members of their mothers group, but daughters belong to their fathers group. Salat establishes a direct relationship between the believer and God and affirms ones membership in a global community of Muslims. Normally classified as healing rituals or petitions for supernatural intervention, these rites seek remedy or compensation for the affliction. A large amount of anthropological research has focused on identifying and interpreting religious rituals in a wide variety of communities. A. In matrilineal societies A. daughters become lifetime members of their mothers group, but sons belong to their fathers group.
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