grafana loki query example

VASPKIT and SeeK-path recommend different paths. while the results will be the same, Well demo all the highlights of the major release: new and updated visualizations and themes, data source improvements, and Enterprise features. Getting Started with Grafana Loki - Geekflare Setting -store.max-look-back-period=168h limits loki search to 7days but there is no way to query old logs (using athena for example). You can wrap predicates with parenthesis to force a different precedence. To evaluate the logical and first, use parenthesis, as in this example: Label filter expressions are the only expression allowed after the unwrap expression. Here we illustrate monitoring Kubernetes events as an example. Signature: replace(old string, new string, src string) string. Log stream selectors are written by wrapping key-value pairs in a pair of curly brackets, e.g. {host=~ ". Connect Grafana to data sources, apps, and more, with Grafana Alerting, Grafana Incident, and Grafana OnCall, Frontend application observability web SDK, Try out and share prebuilt visualizations, Contribute to technical documentation provided by Grafana Labs, Help build the future of open source observability software To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. This is useful when aligning multi-line strings. The syntax: This example will return the machines which total count within the last minutes exceed average value for app foo. All log streams that have both a label of app whose value is mysql We support multiple value types which are automatically inferred from the query input. line_format also supports math functions. For example, lets look at the following log line data. Java emits logs as JSON. While every query will have a stream selector, Grafana lists these variables in dropdown select boxes at the top of the dashboard to help you change the data displayed in your dashboard. In Grafana Loki, the selected range of samples is a range of selected log or label values. It returns the per-second rate of all non-timeout errors within the last minutes per host for the MySQL job and only includes errors whose duration is above ten seconds. A predicate contains a label identifier, an operation and a value to compare the label with. Example of a query to filter Loki querier jobs which create time is 1 day before: Returns the number of milliseconds elapsed since January 1, 1970 UTC. Well demo all the highlights of the major release: new and updated visualizations and themes, data source improvements, and Enterprise features. and do not contain the string out of order. All labels are added as variables in the template engine. Return the smallest of a series of floats. For example, you can link to your tracing backend directly from your logs, or link to a user profile page if the log line contains a corresponding userId. Getting Started with Grafana Loki, Part 1: The Concepts Grafana Labs uses cookies for the normal operation of this website. It will first evaluate duration>=20ms or method="GET" , to first evaluate method="GET" and size<=20KB , make sure to use the appropriate brackets as shown below. This is mainly to allow filtering errors from the metric extraction. The logfmt parser can be added by using | logfmt, which will advance all the keys and values from the logfmt formatted log lines. This contrived query will return the intersection of these queries, effectively rate({app="bar"}): Comparison operators are defined between scalar/scalar, vector/scalar, and vector/vector value pairs. Loki data source | Grafana documentation There are examples in Multiple parsers. Note: By signing up, you agree to be emailed related product-level information. with any value other than the value 200, Note: By signing up, you agree to be emailed related product-level information. To extract the method and the path, If the input cannot be decoded as JSON the function will return an empty string. You can interpolate the value from the field with the. LogQL is Grafana Lokis PromQL-inspired query language. The pattern parser is easier and faster to write; it also outperforms the regexp parser. Downloads. Use the following command to create the sample application. Connect Grafana to data sources, apps, and more, with Grafana Alerting, Grafana Incident, and Grafana OnCall, Frontend application observability web SDK, Try out and share prebuilt visualizations, Contribute to technical documentation provided by Grafana Labs, Help build the future of open source observability software A complete query with a regular expression: Keep log lines that contain a substring that starts with error=, Loki template variables | Grafana documentation as well as log lines that contain a duration label Connect Grafana to data sources, apps, and more, with Grafana Alerting, Grafana Incident, and Grafana OnCall, Frontend application observability web SDK, Try out and share prebuilt visualizations, Contribute to technical documentation provided by Grafana Labs, Help build the future of open source observability software Sorry, an error occurred. However, the template form will preserve the referenced labels, such that dst="{{.src}}" results in both dst and src having the same value. character does not match newlines by default. with (?i). Additional helpful documentation, links, and articles: Scaling and securing your logs with Grafana Loki, Managing privacy in log data with Grafana Loki. What differentiates living as mere roommates from living in a marriage-like relationship? Line filter expressions have support matching IP addresses. discarding those lines that do not match the case-sensitive expression. *)" will extract from the following line: The unpack parser parses a JSON log line, unpacking all embedded labels from Promtails pack stage. Log queries | Grafana Loki documentation Set operations are only valid in the interval vector range, and currently support, LogQL supports the same comparison operators as PromQL, including. The following example shows the operation of a complete log query. Click on "Add data source" and search for Loki and Click on it. By default, the pattern expression is anchored at the beginning of the log line, and you can use <_> at the beginning of the expression to anchor the expression at the beginning. Since label values are string, by default a conversion into a float (64bits) will be attempted, in case of failure the __error__ label is added to the sample. (They can only contain ASCII letters and digits, as well as underscores and colons. Connect Grafana to data sources, apps, and more, with Grafana Alerting, Grafana Incident, and Grafana OnCall, Frontend application observability web SDK, Try out and share prebuilt visualizations, Contribute to technical documentation provided by Grafana Labs, Help build the future of open source observability software Managing Grafana and Loki in a regulated multitenant environment The by clause does the opposite, dropping labels that are not listed in the clause, even if their label values are identical between all elements of the vector. Query results will have satisfied every filter. What are the advantages of running a power tool on 240 V vs 120 V? See Matching IP addresses for details. When you are. For example `\w+` is the same as "\\w+". If the original embedded log lines are in a specific format, you can use unpack in combination with a json parser (or other parser). Inspired by PromQL, Loki also has its own query language, called LogQL, which is like a distributed grep that aggregates views of logs. This topic explains configuring and querying specific to the Loki data source. LogQL also supports aggregation, which can be used to aggregate the elements within a single vector to produce a new vector with fewer elements. We can also express this through a Boolean calculation, such as a statistic of error level log entries greater than 10 within 5 minutes is true. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. I have been running Grafana Loki on my hobby machine which only has 2 core and 2 GB memory without any hiccup for over 2 years now. *"} You should note that at present a stream selector is always required for querying logs. Email update@grafana.com for help. Install Grafana Loki with Docker or Docker Compose, 0003: Query fairness across users within tenants, Many-to-one and one-to-many vector matches, A numeric label filter may fail to turn a label value into a number. Its easier to use the predefined parsers json and logfmt when you can. Consider this logfmt log line. Downloads. We should use predefined parsers like json and logfmt whenever possible, it will be easier, and when the log line structure is unusual, you can use regexp, which allows you to use multiple parsers in the same log pipeline, which is useful when you are parsing complex logs. After writing in the log stream selector, the resulting log data set can be further filtered using a search expression, which can be text or a regular expression, e.g. Using Duration, Number and Bytes will convert the tag values before comparing and supports the following comparators. The above query will result in a log line of 1.1.1.1 200 3. All of the following expressions are equivalent: By default, multiple predicates are prioritized from right to left. Note: By signing up, you agree to be emailed related product-level information. A more granular log stream selector then reduces the number of searched streams to a manageable volume. These links appear in the log details. By default, the system matches and, unless, and or operations with all entries in the right vector. Add a link that uses the value of the field. Select the Loki data source, and then enter a LogQL query to display your logs. Signature: trunc(count int,value string) string, Signature: substr(start int,end int,value string) string. LogQL queries can be annotated with the # character, e.g. The nindent function is the same as the indent function, but prepends a new line to the beginning of the string. If a log line is filtered out by an expression, the pipeline will stop there and start processing the next line. What happened? . Signature: func(a interface{}, v interface{}) int64, Signature: func(i interface{}) float64. This is specially useful when writing a regular expression which contains multiple backslashes that require escaping. Between a vector and a literal, the operator is applied to the value of every data sample in the vector, e.g. Why? Use loki for log archiving - Grafana Loki - Grafana Labs Community Forums Loki defines Time Durations with the same syntax as Prometheus. This function returns the current log line. A log pipeline can be attached to a log stream selector to further process and filter log streams. In the official Loki Grafana documentation a pattern parser is mentioned: Grafana Labs LogQL LogQL: Log Query Language Loki comes with its own PromQL-inspired language for queries called LogQL. What was the actual cockpit layout and crew of the Mi-24A? Captures are matched from the line beginning or the previous set of literals, to the line end or the next set of literals. It's possible that the logs are in a different format to what I'm expecting, or that no Logs are ingested by Loki, and my pipeline is broken somewhere. Open positions, Check out the open source projects we support The aggregation function we can describe with the following expression. You can find some examples of it here: Query Frontend | Grafana Loki documentation Do note that pull mode is generally recommended. This function performs simple string replacement. loki is the main server, responsible for storing logs and processing queries. Downloads. I'm trying to test our Loki log data source. Each expression is executed in left to right sequence for each log line. then the timeseries is returned unchanged. The regular expression must contain a least one named sub-match (e.g (?Pre)), each sub-match will extract a different label. and !="out of order". Signature: unixEpochMillis(date time.Time) string. For example if you collect a stream named host for all your incoming logs you'd query for: You should note that at present a stream selector is always required for querying logs. The filter operators can be chained and will filter expressions in order, and the resulting log lines must satisfy each filter. To avoid escaping the featured character, you can use single quotes instead of double quotes when quoting a string, for example \w+1 is the same as \w+. Grafana Loki documentation LogQL: Log query language Template functions Open source Template functions The text template format used in | line_format and | label_format support the usage of functions. vector1 unless vector2 results in a vector consisting of the elements of vector1 for which there are no elements in vector2 with exactly matching label sets. Decodes a JSON document into a structure. It takes a comma-separated list of operations as arguments, and can perform multiple operations at once. This means that all the following expressions are equivalent: The precedence for evaluation of multiple predicates is left to right. To configure basic settings for the data source, complete the following steps: Under Your connections, click Data sources. The = operator after the label name is a label matching operator. # A trusted profile will be used for authenticating with COS. We can either pass # the trusted profile name or trusted profile ID along with the compute resource token file. Take the following image from Getting started with logging and Grafana Loki as an example, ingester 03 and 04 (the next ingester, clockwise in the . I used a Grafana transformation which seems to work Add field from calculation Binary operation Select the query and do + 0 I then hide the original query It would be easier if we could do this in the original query though 1 Like waterdrop01 September 28, 2021, 3:39pm #9 Agreed! The unpack parser will parse the json log lines and unpack all embedded tags through the packing phase, a special attribute _entry will also be used to replace the original log lines. saada commented on Apr 8, 2022 edited A metric query for triggering the alert itself An optional log query to pass in to the message template such as { { $log := range .LogMessages }} rkonfj mentioned this issue on Dec 1, 2022 We use fluent-bit for logs processing from java application to kaffra (redpanda actually). Click on Select. The syntax: This example will return every machine total count within the last minutes ratio in app foo: Many-to-one and one-to-many matchings occur when each vector element on the one-side can match with multiple elements on the many-side. Email update@grafana.com for help. Entries for which no matching entry in the right-hand vector can be found are not part of the result. Example: If we have the following labels ip=1.1.1.1, status=200 and duration=3000(ms), we can divide the duration by 1000 to get the value in seconds. Open positions, Check out the open source projects we support Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. Log queries A log query consists of two parts: log stream selector, and a search expression. Additional helpful documentation, links, and articles: Scaling and securing your logs with Grafana Loki, Managing privacy in log data with Grafana Loki. You can only alert on metric queries in Loki, yes. after the log stream selector or at end of the log pipeline. Only when using the bottomk and topk functions, we can enter the relevant arguments to the functions. Signature: round(a interface{}, p int, rOpt float64) float64, We can also provide a roundOn number as third parameter, With default roundOn of .5 the above value would be 123.88571, Signature: toFloat64(v interface{}) float64. On the other hand, Grafana Loki can be run smoothly on a relatively small server. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. If the conversion of the tag value fails, the log line is not filtered and a __error__ tag is added. Open the Loki query editor. You must explicitly request matching by using the group_left or group_right modifier, where left or right determines which vector has the higher cardinality. The = operator after the label name is a label matching operator. For example, lets consider the following NGINX log line data. This is the same template engine as the | line_format expression, which means labels are available as variables and you can use the same list of functions. loki/examples.md at main grafana/loki GitHub Email update@grafana.com for help. vector1 or vector2 results in a vector that contains all original elements (label sets + values) of vector1 and additionally all elements of vector2 which do not have matching label sets in vector1. Lokis strength lies in parallel querying, using filter expressions (label=text, |~ regex, ) to query the logs will be more efficient and fast. Log pipeline expressions fall into one of three categories: The line filter expression does a distributed grep You can use a tag formatting expression to force an override of the original tag, but if an extracted key appears twice, then only the latest tag value will be retained. For example, the following log passing through the pipeline | json will produce the following Map data. Note: If you use Grafana Cloud, you can request modifications to this feature by opening a support ticket in the Cloud Portal. Grafana Labs uses cookies for the normal operation of this website. the line: Label filter expression allows filtering log line using their original and extracted labels. A log range aggregation is a query followed by a duration. For example the parser | regexp "(?P\\w+) (?P[\\w|/]+) \\((?P\\d+? Grafana Labs uses cookies for the normal operation of this website. Also line_format supports mathematical functions, e.g. Grafana provides built-in support for Loki. The logfmt parser can operate in two modes: The logfmt parser can be added using | logfmt and will extract all keys and values from the logfmt formatted log line. For more consistency between Loki installations, its recommended to use toDateInZone, The format string must use the exact date as defined in the golang datetime layout, Signature: toDate(fmt, str string) time.Time. specified json fields to labels. Refer to Googles RE2 syntax for more information. Additional helpful documentation, links, and articles: Opening keynote: What's new in Grafana 9? The text template format used in | line_format and | label_format support the usage of functions. --> Fixes #25205 **Special notes for your reviewer**: This means you can use the same operations (=,!=,=~,!~). By default, the matching is case-sensitive and can be switched to be case-insensitive by prefixing the regular expression with (?i). Connect Grafana to data sources, apps, and more, with Grafana Alerting, Grafana Incident, and Grafana OnCall, Frontend application observability web SDK, Try out and share prebuilt visualizations, Contribute to technical documentation provided by Grafana Labs, Help build the future of open source observability software Connect Grafana to data sources, apps, and more, with Grafana Alerting, Grafana Incident, and Grafana OnCall, Frontend application observability web SDK, Try out and share prebuilt visualizations, Contribute to technical documentation provided by Grafana Labs, Help build the future of open source observability software Monitoring your docker container's logs the Loki way Placing them at the beginning improves the performance of the query, You can take advantage of pipeline to join together multiple functions. When both sides are label identifiers, for example dst=src, the operation will rename the src label to dst. The unnamed capture skips matched content. Cheat Sheet - Loki - Seb's IT blog - GitLab Grafana ships with built-in support for Loki, an open-source log aggregation system by Grafana Labs. Alert on every log entry - Grafana Loki - Grafana Labs Community Forums Query frontend caches and reuses them later if applicable. Instead they are passed into the next stage of the pipeline with a new system label named __error__. The = operator after the tag name is a tag matching operator, and there are several tag matching operators supported in LogQL. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? To extract the method and the path of this logfmt log line. Set the data sources basic configuration options: Note: To troubleshoot configuration and other issues, check the log file located at /var/log/grafana/grafana.log on Unix systems, or in /data/log on other platforms and manual installations. Level Up Coding Configure Serilog with Grafana Loki Paris Nakita Kejser in DevOps Engineer, Software Architect and Software Developering Setup monitoring with Prometheus and Grafana in. This supports only tracing data sources. Like PromQL, LogQL is filtered using tags and operators, and has two main types of query functions. The hasPrefix and hasSuffix functions test whether a string has a given prefix or suffix. A pattern expression is composed of captures and literals. For example, | logfmt host, fwd_ip="fwd" will extract the labels host and fwd from the following log line: The pattern parser allows the explicit extraction of fields from log lines by defining a pattern expression (| pattern ""). Log line formatting expressions can be used to rewrite the contents of log lines by using Golangs text/template template format, which takes a string parameter | line_format "{{.label_name}}" as the template format, and all labels are variables injected into the template and can be used with the {.label_name }} notation to be used. Grouping modifiers can only be used for comparison and arithmetic. Sets the HTTP protocol, IP, and port of your Loki instance, such as. This powerful feature creates metrics from logs. Alternatively, you can use the \s (match whitespaces, including newline) in combination with \S (match not whitespace characters) to match all characters, including newlines. Unlike the logfmt and json, which extract implicitly all values and takes no parameters, the regexp parser takes a single parameter | regexp "" which is the regular expression using the Golang RE2 syntax. Sets the data source thats pre-selected for new panels. Sets the full link URL if the link is external, or a query for the target data source if the link is internal. it is almost always better to have them at the beginning. They cannot start with a digit.). A log pipeline can be appended to a log stream selector to further process and filter log streams. the query results. over the aggregated logs from the matching log streams. *"} doesn't work for me. Log range aggregations Usually we do a comparison of thresholds after using interval vector calculations, which is useful for alerting, e.g. Some expressions can mutate the log content and respective labels, If you want the regex dot character to match newlines you can use the single-line flag, like so: (?s)search_term.+ matches search_term\n. Use dynamic tags with caution. Add log message in alert Issue #5844 grafana/loki GitHub More details can be found in the Golang language documentation. The following label matching operators are supported: Note: Unlike the line filter regex expressions, the =~ and !~ regex operators are fully anchored. The log lines will be extracted and rewritten to contain only query and the requested duration. LogQL can be considered a distributed grep that However there are no additional resources on the parser online. When both side are label identifiers, for example dst=src, the operation will rename the src label into dst. error level logs will be written to stderr and the actual log messages are generated in JSON format and a new log message will be created every 500 milliseconds.

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